Yêu cầu chung
Question 226 - 230.
Reading comprehension 2: Read the passage below and choose A, B, C or D to answer each question from 41 to 45.
It has been said that life is what we make of it. In other words, if we work hard and focus on our goals, we can have great careers and enjoy high status is society. However, these opportunities don’t exist for everyone. In some places, the family you are born into will decide almost everything about your life. India’s caste system is an example of this.
The caste system is a major part of the Hindu religion that has existed for thousands of years. It is a way of organizing and grouping people based on the occupation of the family. Castes will determine whom people can socialize with and their place in society. Originally, a person’s caste was supposed to be determined by their personality, but over time it has been linked to their job and family.
There are four classes, also known as varnas, in India’s caste system. The highest one is Brahmin. People in this class have jobs in education and religion. The second highest level is the Kshatriya, or ruling class. People from this group can be soldiers, landowners, or have jobs in politics. The class beneath this is the Vaishya. These people often work in the commercial sector as merchants. The fourth class level is the Shudra. Shudras typically work as unskilled labourers doing factory or farm work, or they may also be employed as artists. There is another group, the Harijan, that is at the bottom and considered to be outside of the caste system.
Although the caste system still exists in India, the government is taking steps to improve the living conditions and decrease unemployment rates for the Shudras and Harijan. This includes providing better health care, offering literacy programmes, and making sure that people from higher social classes do not exploit them. It seems unlikely that the caste system will disappear any time soon, but the overall conditions for those at the bottom do seem to be improving.
227
Câu 227
Which of the following best paraphrases this sentence: “The caste system is a major part of the Hindu religion that has existed for thousands of years.”?
Which of the following best paraphrases this sentence: “The caste system is a major part of the Hindu religion that has existed for thousands of years.”?
The caste system is a new concept that has recently been introduced into the Hindu religion.
The caste system has been an essential aspect of Hinduism for millennia.
The caste system is an insignificant tradition within the Hindu religion.
The caste system has only been a part of Hinduism for a short period of time.
Giải thích câu
✅ Đáp án: B. The caste system has been an essential aspect of Hinduism for millennia.
🔎 Lí do:
Câu hỏi yêu cầu tìm câu paraphrase → nghĩa là chọn câu diễn đạt lại cùng ý với câu gốc bằng từ khác.
"The caste system is a major part of the Hindu religion" → “a major part” = một phần rất quan trọng/chủ yếu. Đáp án B dùng "an essential aspect" = một khía cạnh thiết yếu, rất quan trọng, cùng nghĩa.
"that has existed for thousands of years" → nghĩa là đã tồn tại hàng nghìn năm. Đáp án B dùng "for millennia" = trong hàng thiên niên kỷ, cùng ý với “for thousands of years”.
Vì vậy, B diễn đạt lại đầy đủ cả 2 ý chính: rất quan trọng trong Hindu giáo và đã tồn tại rất lâu.
🚨 Những đáp án còn lại thì sao?
A. The caste system is a new concept that has recently been introduced into the Hindu religion.: Sai vì trái hẳn với "has existed for thousands of years" — câu gốc nói đã tồn tại rất lâu, không phải mới xuất hiện gần đây.
C. The caste system is an insignificant tradition within the Hindu religion.: Sai vì trái với "is a major part" — câu gốc nói nó là phần quan trọng, không phải không đáng kể.
D. The caste system has only been a part of Hinduism for a short period of time.: Sai vì trái với "has existed for thousands of years" — không phải thời gian ngắn mà là hàng nghìn năm.
