Yêu cầu chung
Question 20 - 29.
Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 20 to 29.
In a global economy dominated by uniformity, scale, and mechanised speed, Vietnam’s traditional craft villages are charting a distinct trajectory — one rooted not in nostalgia but in renewal. Communities like Bat Trang and Van Phuc are no longer relegated to tourist brochures or cultural ceremonies; rather, they are reimagining artisanal labour as a platform for sustainable development. [I] These villages do more than preserve ancestral knowledge — they convert it into soft power: a marketable resource that generates employment, drives exports, and commands international recognition. Yet this revival, often state-led, remains uneven. While training programmes aim to preserve endangered techniques, they frequently overlook the market realities artisans face, leading to a mismatch between certification and livelihood.
Technology has functioned as a quiet revolution in this space — not by replacing tradition, but by amplifying it. E-commerce platforms allow rural cooperatives to bypass intermediaries and engage directly with global buyers. Social media, once viewed as trivial, now enables artisans to document their processes, shape compelling narratives, and reclaim authorship over cultural goods previously anonymised in industrial chains. [II] Even seemingly minor tools — translation plugins, inventory software — are proving essential, helping small operations manage logistics while preserving autonomy. The outcome is not simply wider access, but decentralised agency: a capacity to scale without surrendering local identity. Still, this shift introduces new fragilities. Digital visibility is governed by algorithms and linguistic fluency, and these demands can marginalise those lacking in technical literacy or promotional resources.
Despite these gains, critical gaps persist. Market exposure remains volatile, shaped by algorithms, trends, and visibility demands beyond artisans’ control. [III] Without long-term support — including financing, mentorship, and adaptive education — many artisan-led ventures, local cooperatives, and even newer digital collectives begin to lose momentum. They often struggle to navigate commercial systems that were never designed for small-scale or heritage-based production. At the policy level, interventions tend to prioritise cultural preservation over innovation, reinforcing outdated perceptions of artisanal labour. This tension — between continuity and competitiveness — has become a defining factor in whether traditional craft communities merely survive or manage to evolve.
Yet, in select villages, this balance has begun to materialise. Where local ingenuity meets digital literacy and policy support, craft hubs are becoming centres of cultural commerce and experiential tourism. [IV] If nurtured with care, this evolution could transform Vietnam’s craft sector from a restoration project into a forward-facing economic model — one that ties prosperity not to disposability, but to memory, identity, and place.
Which of the following best summarises paragraph 1?
Government-backed efforts aim to preserve craft traditions, but they often exaggerate the role of tourism in local economies.
Cultural heritage is increasingly tied to nostalgia and tourism, which reinforces outdated views of artisanal labour.
Some Vietnamese craft villages are redefining artisanal practices as economic strategies, though policy support remains inconsistent.
Rural artisans continue to rely on inherited knowledge and symbolic value to sustain local employment.
Giải thích chi tiết
Ứng dụng 😎 Linearthinking để giải quyết câu hỏi: Step 1: Read the text ✏️ Simplify & Read connection Đoạn 1
Câu 1: In a global economy …, S - các làng nghề truyền thống VN Vietnam’s traditional craft villages V - đang đi theo hướng riêng: đổi mới (không chỉ hoài niệm) are charting a distinct trajectory … rooted … in renewal .
Câu 2: S - các cộng đồng (Bát Tràng, Vạn Phúc …) Communities like Bat Trang and Van Phuc V1 - không chỉ để du lịch/nghi lễ are no longer relegated to tourist brochures … V2 - đang biến lao động thủ công thành nền tảng phát triển bền vững are reimagining artisanal labour as a platform for sustainable development .
Câu 3: S - các làng này These villages V - biến kiến thức tổ tiên thành soft power (tạo việc làm, xuất khẩu, được công nhận) convert it into soft power … generates employment, drives exports, … .
Câu 4: Tương phản - Nhưng Yet S - sự hồi sinh (thường do nhà nước dẫn dắt) this revival … state-led V - không đồng đều remains uneven .
Câu 5: Tương phản - Trong khi While S - chương trình đào tạo training programmes V1 - muốn giữ kỹ thuật sắp mai một aim to preserve endangered techniques , V2 - hay bỏ qua thực tế thị trường → lệch giữa chứng chỉ và sinh kế overlook market realities … mismatch between certification and livelihood .
🔗 Summarize idea flow:
Giới thiệu hướng đi mới: làng nghề ≠ chỉ hoài niệm/du lịch → đổi mới để phát triển kinh tế bền vững renewal / sustainable development
Cơ chế: truyền thống → sức mạnh mềm tạo việc làm/xuất khẩu soft power
Nhưng: hỗ trợ/điều hành từ nhà nước không đồng đều, đào tạo lệch thị trường uneven state-led support + training-market mismatch
📌 Main idea: làng nghề VN Craft villages đang đổi mới (≠ chỉ du lịch/hoài niệm) → dùng thủ công như chiến lược kinh tế (soft power → việc làm/xuất khẩu) nhưng hỗ trợ/chính sách không đồng đều + đào tạo lệch thực tế thị trường.
Step 2: Compare options A. Government-backed efforts aim to preserve craft traditions, but they often exaggerate the role of tourism in local economies. ❌ Sai — đoạn 1 nói “no longer relegated to tourist brochures” (không còn bị đóng khung trong du lịch), không có ý “phóng đại vai trò du lịch”.
B. Cultural heritage is increasingly tied to nostalgia and tourism, which reinforces outdated views of artisanal labour. ❌ Sai — đoạn 1 nói hướng đi “rooted not in nostalgia but in renewal” và không chỉ du lịch.
C. Some Vietnamese craft villages are redefining artisanal practices as economic strategies, though policy support remains inconsistent. ✅ Đúng — khớp 2 ý chính của đoạn: (1) làng nghề tái định nghĩa thủ công như chiến lược phát triển/kinh tế (sustainable development, soft power, jobs/exports) (2) revival … remains uneven + đào tạo lệch thị trường ⇒ hỗ trợ không nhất quán/không đồng đều.
D. Rural artisans continue to rely on inherited knowledge and symbolic value to sustain local employment. ❌ Sai — đoạn 1 nhấn mạnh đổi mới + chuyển hoá thành nguồn lực thị trường (soft power, exports), không chỉ “dựa vào giá trị biểu tượng”; hơn nữa còn có ý không đồng đều/mismatch bị thiếu.