Yêu cầu chung
Question 1 - 10.
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the questions.
(I) Urbanization refers to the increasing population shift from rural to urban areas, resulting in the growth of cities and metropolitan regions (Hall, 2014). (II) This phenomenon is driven by various factors, including economic opportunities, improved living standards, and social amenities available in urban centers. (III) As a result, urbanization significantly impacts both individuals and communities, leading to a range of benefits and challenges (Davis, 2016). (IV)
One of the primary advantages of urbanization is the economic growth it fosters. Cities often provide a number of job opportunities, attracting individuals seeking better employment and higher incomes. In urban areas, businesses flourish due to increased demand for goods and services, leading to enhanced economic productivity. Moreover, urbanization encourages innovation and technological advancements, as a dense concentration of people often fosters creativity and collaboration (Florida, 2017).
However, urbanization also presents significant challenges. Rapid population growth in cities can lead to overcrowding, straining public services such as transportation, healthcare, and education. Many urban areas struggle to provide adequate housing, resulting in the proliferation of informal settlements and slums. According to the United Nations (2018), nearly one billion people live in slums, lacking access to basic services. They also face adverse living conditions. This situation exacerbates social inequality and can lead to increased crime rates and health issues.
To address the challenges of urbanization, sustainable urban planning is essential. Governments and urban planners must prioritize creating inclusive, well-connected cities that provide access to essential services for all residents. Strategies such as developing affordable housing, enhancing public transport systems, and promoting green spaces can help improve the quality of life in urban areas while mitigating the negative impacts of urbanization (World Bank, 2019).
(Adapted from Urbanization and Its Impact by Hall, Davis, and others).
The word "they" in paragraph 3 refers to _____
basic services
urban areas
public services
people
Giải thích chi tiết
Ứng dụng 😎 Linearthinking để giải quyết câu hỏi:
✏️ Read structure: S - gần 1 tỉ người nearly one billion people V - sống trong khu ổ chuột live in slums , RC - thiếu dịch vụ cơ bản lacking access to basic services . S - (?) They also V - đối mặt với điều kiện sống bất lợi face adverse living conditions .
🔗 Logic:
Câu trước có chủ thể chính là nearly one billion people.
Cụm lacking access to basic services bổ nghĩa cho people: những người này thiếu dịch vụ cơ bản.
Câu sau nói They also face... → “also” cho thấy cùng một nhóm đó còn gặp thêm một vấn đề nữa.
Vì vậy, They = nearly one billion people.
=> ✅ Correct answer: D. people
🧐 Lưu ý:
A. basic services: không hợp logic vì basic services không thể “face adverse living conditions” (= đối mặt với điều kiện sống bất lợi).
B. urban areas: có xuất hiện trước đó, nhưng câu ngay trước đang nói về people living in slums, không phải urban areas.
C. public services: không hợp logic vì public services không “sống trong slums” hay “đối mặt với điều kiện sống bất lợi”.