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Question 1 - 8.

Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.

Food for the future

In 1845, a deadly disease struck the farms of Ireland, killing all the Lumper potato plants, leading to a catastrophic famine. Although the failure of a single crop may not initially appear consequential, Ireland was heavily reliant on the potato as its primary subsistence crop. Contemporary scientists caution that a comparable catastrophe could recur on a global scale. Over successive generations, agriculturalists have cultivated thousands of crop varieties distinguished by specialised agronomic traits. Some grow well in extreme climates, while others resist pests and diseases.

However, modern agriculture often places emphasis on a few high-yield crops that are easy to produce in large quantities. Consequently, numerous traditional plant varieties are facing extinction. For example, the Philippines once had thousands of rice varieties, but now fewer than 100 remain widely grown. Agricultural scholars estimate that over half of the world’s food crop varieties have disappeared over the course of the past century.

In response to this escalating threat, scientists systematically collect and conserve seeds from a broad spectrum of plant taxa. The idea was first promoted by Russian scientist Nikolay Vavilov, who gathered seeds from around the world in the early 20th century. Today, there are about 1,700 seed banks globally. One of the largest, the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, stores nearly one million seed samples to safeguard agricultural biodiversity for posterity.

In Iowa, Diane Ott Whealy and her husband founded Heritage Farm to preserve historic plant varieties. Over the years, they have worked closely with seed banks and agricultural experts who share their commitment to biodiversity. These organizations often collaborate with local farmers and researchers to protect rare species. The couple not only conserve seed stocks but also cultivate and reintroduce heritage crop varieties into commercial circulation. Such efforts are valued not only for their distinctive appearance and flavor but also for their long-term contribution to global food security.

(Adapted from Reading Explorer 2)

1.

Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?

A

Historical famines were primarily caused by inadequate farming technology.

B

Agricultural modernization has eliminated the need for preserving traditional crops.

C

Safeguarding genetic crop diversity is essential to ensuring long-term global food resilience.

D

Seed banks function mainly as repositories of agricultural heritage rather than practical resources.

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