Đề DOL soạn tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh năm 2025 - Mã đề 02

Vietnam has witnessed a remarkable rise in youth-led startups, particularly in the field of technology. Many of these ventures are founded by students fresh out of university, driven by their ambition and creative (1) ______ to solve social challenges through innovation.

These young entrepreneurs often collaborate with engineers or content creators to develop platforms that offer online tutoring, agricultural data solutions, or job-matching tools. One standout example is Edubox, which gained national attention after winning a startup competition for its clever (2) ______ of live-streamed lessons and gamified learning.

While enthusiasm runs high, long-term success depends on choosing business models that (3) ______ with users' real needs, not just temporary trends.

Unfortunately, only (4) ______ of these startups manage to secure lasting investment beyond their initial launch year.

Those (5) ______ have mentors from business incubators tend to perform significantly better, according to data from Vietnam’s National Startup Support Centre.

To grow sustainably, many founders also learn how to (6) ______ feedback from users and adapt their services accordingly.

In recent years, Vietnam has accelerated the rollout of a unified digital identity system aimed at streamlining access to public services. Known as the National Digital ID (NDID), this platform assigns each citizen a unique, encrypted identification code linked to biometric data and civil records. The move is intended to consolidate a range of previously separate documents—such as health insurance, driving licenses, and academic certificates—into a single digital profile. As a result, users can verify their identity across various services without needing to present physical documents. One of the most significant features of NDID is its compatibility across different government platforms, allowing citizens to access healthcare, education, and administrative services through a single sign-on interface. Although initially piloted in selected provinces, the initiative is now expanding nationwide.

The NDID platform works by integrating databases managed by different ministries into a centralised authentication system. Once a person logs in, the system uses facial recognition or fingerprint scanning to authenticate the user and retrieve relevant information from linked departments. For instance, if someone applies to a university, their academic records can be instantly pulled from the Ministry of Education. Similarly, booking a doctor’s appointment will bring up health records without extra paperwork. It enables a “silent service” experience, where users receive public services without needing to submit anything manually.

However, the path to full adoption has not been without obstacles. Rural areas with weak internet infrastructure have found it difficult to implement biometric registration. Some local officials also lack training in using the new system, which has slowed the digital transition in certain districts. There have also been delays in synchronising databases across ministries, occasionally resulting in incomplete records. Despite these challenges, the Ministry of Information and Communications has stated that additional support will be provided to under-resourced areas to ensure nationwide equity.

While many NDID users in cities report faster access to health and education services, rural users still face long waits when technical issues arise. Officials say that integration with smaller offices is ongoing and may take longer than planned. Despite this, some ministries have credited the platform with improving how records are managed and reducing paperwork for frequently accessed services. Observers caution, however, that without stronger coordination, these benefits may remain uneven across the country.

The emergence of AI-generated media—synthetic images, voices, and videos created by machine-learning models—has transformed digital communication. What once required professional software and editing expertise can now be achieved by virtually anyone using free tools. With just a prompt, creators can replicate a public figure’s voice, fabricate realistic video footage, or alter facial expressions in news broadcasts. [I] While these capabilities have opened exciting possibilities in entertainment, education, and accessibility, they also pose an escalating threat to the credibility of information itself. Unlike traditional forms of media manipulation, AI-generated content is often indistinguishable from authentic materials, making conventional verification techniques increasingly unreliable.

Recent years have already seen waves of synthetic content deployed for deceptive purposes. [II] Deepfaked videos of world leaders appearing to make inflammatory remarks have been widely circulated before being debunked. Fraudulent voice recordings have been used in phone scams to impersonate relatives, exploiting emotional urgency to elicit money transfers. Social media platforms, optimized to boost engagement, often amplify such content when it evokes outrage or confirmation bias. [III] Although digital deception is not new, the accessibility, speed, and realism of generative tools mark a significant shift. Technologies once confined to studios are now embedded in mobile apps and web platforms. These tools are deployed by casual users, pranksters, advertisers, and propagandists alike, often without clear disclosure. As generative AI becomes ubiquitous—present across casual platforms and unnoticed in daily communication—it increasingly shapes perception without prompting scrutiny.

More concerning than any single instance of misuse is the erosion of epistemic stability. When the line between authentic evidence and synthetic fabrication becomes indistinct, even genuine content is subject to suspicion. This—often termed the liar’s dividend—enables malicious actors to dismiss factual recordings as fake, simply because falsification is technically plausible. [IV] If public trust continues to erode, institutions that rely on it—such as journalism, law, and science—will become increasingly vulnerable. While developers are working on algorithmic detection systems and authenticity watermarks, such safeguards have yet to keep pace with generative advances. Without coordinated regulation, critical literacy campaigns, and platform accountability, society risks entering an age in which visual and auditory proof no longer carry weight.

Every day, people are faced with a surprising number of choices, from what to eat to which online article to read. While the freedom to choose is often seen as empowering, too many decisions can lead to a condition known as “decision fatigue.” This refers to the gradual decline in the quality of decisions after a long session of choice-making, especially when (30) _____.

Studies have shown that shoppers are more likely to make impulse purchases after being exposed to a series of unrelated decisions. (31) _____, some retail environments now design layouts that target this exact vulnerability. The presence of music, lighting, and colorful displays can heighten stimulation, increasing the likelihood of mental overload and reactive behavior. (32) _____.

Mental energy is a limited resource that declines as individuals engage in repeated decision-making throughout the day. When this cognitive reserve runs low, people tend to default to automatic responses or avoid decisions entirely. (33) _____ For example, judges have been found to issue significantly harsher rulings later in the day than in the morning. (34) _____.

If you want to improve your learning skills, there are a few small changes you can make to your daily routine. First, try to (35) _____ a consistent study schedule and stick to it, especially if you haven’t followed one before. Whether you study early in the morning or later at night doesn’t matter—what’s important is regularity.

Second, take short breaks between tasks, (36) _____ you risk burning out quickly. Active techniques such as summarising what you’ve read or teaching someone else can help you (37) _____ new material more easily.

Avoid distractions by organising your workspace and reducing unnecessary noise. Creating a quiet and tidy environment can boost your (38) _____ during difficult tasks. It also helps to set small, achievable goals so you stay focused and don’t lose motivation. Try to celebrate even small wins to (39) _____ a sense of progress.

Finally, remember that everyone learns differently. Experiment with different strategies and choose the one that works best for you—because there is no (40) _____ solution for all learners.