Đề DOL soạn tốt nghiệp THPT môn Tiếng Anh năm 2025 - Mã đề 04

Governments worldwide increasingly rely on health awareness campaigns to promote disease prevention and encourage behavioral change. One campaign, for example, focused on air pollution, a silent threat (1) ______ affects urban populations year-round. Public health departments (2) ______ these initiatives to educate citizens about risks and protective measures.

While campaigns vary in scope, their success often depends on the (3) ______ of reliable information delivered in an accessible format. Visuals, social media, and workshops help convey key points, with materials often (4) ______ by doctors or community leaders. Effective communication requires careful (5) ______ of terms to suit different audiences, especially when dealing with sensitive topics like mental health.

Some efforts succeed in reaching large audiences, but others struggle to (6) ______ lasting engagement or change deep-rooted habits.

Urban wetlands—ecosystems such as marshes, ponds, or swampy riverbanks embedded within city environments—are increasingly recognized as essential to sustainable urban planning. Once dismissed as unusable or even hazardous, these habitats are now valued for their ability to regulate microclimates, filter runoff, and provide biodiversity pockets amid dense construction. In Vietnam, rapid urbanization has encroached upon lowland wetlands in cities like Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang, and Can Tho, reducing their ecological function. In response, new initiatives are working to rehabilitate degraded sites and restore their hydrological and ecological integrity. These efforts focus on reintroducing native vegetation, enhancing water circulation, and engaging nearby communities in stewardship practices.

Rehabilitation is not just ecological—it’s strategic. By reducing impermeable surfaces and allowing natural water flow, restored wetlands help buffer floods, particularly during Vietnam’s monsoon season. Urban planners are integrating multifunctional wetland zones into green infrastructure, offering open space, flood mitigation, and educational benefits simultaneously. Key to this approach is “adaptive restoration,” which avoids rigid blueprints and instead allows for iterative design based on local feedback. This flexibility ensures interventions remain responsive to urban dynamics while maximizing long-term ecological performance.

Yet, challenges persist. Many urban wetlands remain fragmented or isolated, which limits their ecological connectivity and reduces resilience. In some districts, reclaimed wetlands face pressures from encroaching development, illegal dumping, and insufficient legal protection. One common setback is a disconnect between technical planners and local residents. Without shared understanding, some community members may not support maintenance efforts, leading to degradation over time. Addressing this requires improved communication frameworks, inclusive planning workshops, and more transparent land-use governance. These solutions are intended to reduce misalignment and build trust. When implemented well, they can foster civic ownership and long-term sustainability.

The revival of urban wetlands represents more than an ecological fix—it’s a paradigm shift. These projects signal a broader movement toward nature-based urbanism in Vietnam, one that balances infrastructure development with ecosystem services. Several pilot wetlands in Ho Chi Minh City now act as living laboratories, demonstrating how hydrology, community engagement, and biodiversity can coexist in dense urban settings. Continued investment, cross-sector coordination, and educational outreach will be vital. While full recovery may be gradual, the momentum suggests a promising trajectory.

In recent years, the concept of establishing permanent human settlements on Mars has gained considerable traction, evolving from a sci-fi fantasy into a strategic objective backed by governments and private space enterprises. Influential figures like Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos frame Mars colonization as an existential insurance policy — a safeguard in case Earth becomes uninhabitable due to nuclear war, climate collapse, or a global pandemic. [I] The rationale, according to proponents, is not escapism but species preservation: diversifying human civilization across planets could prevent total extinction.

Technological innovation is reinforcing this ambition. Advances in cryogenic fuel storage, in-situ resource utilization (ISRU), radiation shielding, and AI-guided robotics have made interplanetary travel and survival appear increasingly feasible. Notably, these innovations also carry terrestrial benefits, such as improving desalination processes, emergency response systems, and remote healthcare delivery. [II] Proponents of Mars colonization argue that the so-called “spin-off effect” from space research justifies high investment, especially when such technologies contribute to resilience on Earth as well.

However, critics argue that this interplanetary focus risks diverting critical resources away from urgent challenges here at home. [III] Earth is not merely habitable; it is the product of a unique evolutionary history, supporting complex ecosystems and climatic systems we have only just begun to understand. Skeptics stress that no known celestial body — including Mars — offers an environment even remotely comparable to Earth’s biosphere, and efforts to replicate these conditions remain speculative and prohibitively expensive.

Additionally, there are ethical considerations. Critics contend that Mars colonization narratives often mask socioeconomic inequality, privileging elite visions of the future while ignoring present-day crises such as poverty, displacement, and environmental degradation. [IV] They argue that humanity’s priority should be planetary stewardship — addressing carbon emissions, rewilding landscapes, and achieving global equity — rather than outsourcing our problems to another world.

In conclusion, while Mars exploration can stimulate innovation and inspire collective ambition, it should not come at the cost of neglecting Earth. The future of humanity may extend beyond this planet, but its survival still depends on the choices we make here and now.

The Psychology of Digital Overload

While digital technology enables instant communication and information access, its constant presence may also fragment attention and increase stress. Many students now experience difficulty focusing for extended periods, especially when surrounded by messages, notifications, and open browser tabs. Researchers have found that excessive screen time can impair memory retention and reduce overall well-being, (30) ______.

Some experts suggest that the brain's cognitive load becomes overwhelmed by switching between tasks too frequently. The act of toggling between learning apps, chat windows, and social media posts can diminish deep thinking. (31) ______, students are encouraged to structure their time using single-task blocks and defined offline intervals.

Digital overload doesn't just affect individuals—it shapes group dynamics, too. In group projects, delays often arise from unclear digital communication or unspoken assumptions. (32) ______. Teams that fail to clarify goals or distribute tasks evenly may struggle to meet deadlines or resolve disagreements effectively.

Recognizing the deeper impact of digital habits on learning and mental health, (33) ______. Guidance on healthy screen use, mindfulness techniques, and digital etiquette are now increasingly seen as essential components of student support. (34) ______, it can foster cognitive resilience and enhance students’ capacity for sustained attentional control.

De-Stressing After Exams

After finishing a stressful exam period, it's important to give yourself time to recover. Building a routine (35) ______ relaxation can help your body and mind return to balance. Some students feel guilty about taking breaks, (36) ______ recharging is just as vital as studying.

There are many small actions that can support recovery. Try walking outside, watching a favorite show, or meeting friends for a relaxed chat. Listening to music while organizing your study materials or cleaning your room can also be a gentle way to transition out of “exam mode.” Others prefer more active methods, like going for a run or dancing to shake off tension. If you're creative, making art or journaling can provide an emotional outlet. Just remember that rest looks different for everyone.

Another way to enjoy your post-exam time is by planning a small reward. For example, treat yourself to a movie night, a visit to a local café, or a personal project you've postponed. Some (38) ______ might choose to help out at home or volunteer, which also offers a sense of purpose.

These strategies can help your mind (39) ______ from the intense pace of exam season. You’ll return to your regular routine more refreshed—especially if you allow yourself (40) ______ without pressure or guilt.